Precision Oncology in Melanoma: Changing Practices

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Immunology
• Genomics

Background:

• Malignant melanoma prognosis was historically poor due to limited treatment options.
• Recent advances have transformed the understanding and treatment of melanoma.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the progress in melanoma genomics, tumor immune microenvironment, and immunogenicity.
• To highlight the impact of novel therapies on patient survival rates.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of clinical trials on BRAF/MEK inhibition and immune checkpoint inhibitors (PD-1, CTLA-4, LAG-3).
• Review of personalized therapies such as tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and mRNA vaccines.
• Evaluation of advancements in nuclear medicine imaging for staging and treatment response assessment.

Main Results:

• Combined BRAF/MEK inhibition and immune checkpoint inhibitors have dramatically improved overall survival for metastatic melanoma.
• Immune checkpoint inhibition is now utilized in neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings.
• Personalized therapies and advanced nuclear medicine imaging show significant promise.

Conclusions:

• Therapeutic strategies for malignant melanoma have evolved significantly, leading to improved patient outcomes.
• Nuclear medicine, incorporating AI and novel tracers, is expected to play an increasing role in melanoma evaluation.
• Continued research in personalized medicine and advanced imaging will further enhance melanoma management.