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Updated: Jun 7, 2025
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Published on: March 24, 2019
Exfoliation and optical properties of S = 1 triangular lattice antiferromagnet NiGa2S4
Jazzmin Victorin1, Aleksandar Razpopov2, Tomoya Higo3,4
1Institute for Quantum Matter and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
Abstract:
Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) materials have been an exciting area of research ever since scientists first isolated a single layer of graphene. Single layer magnetic materials can provide a pathway for vdW heterostructures with magnetic properties. While most of the magnetic vdW materials exhibit ordering transitions in the bulk, here we report a successful exfoliation of a triangular lattice S = 1 antiferromagnet NiGa[Formula: see text]S[Formula: see text], which already demonstrates exotic magnetism in the bulk material. We establish the number of layers of the material by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and detail a careful characterization using Raman and optical spectroscopy to demonstrate how the optical, electronic, and structural properties of NiGa[Formula: see text]S[Formula: see text] change as a function of sample thickness. Optical measurements and electronic structure calculations of bulk versus monolayer NiGa[Formula: see text]S[Formula: see text] confirm the material to be a Mott insulator with an electronic gap of about 1.5 eV, which slightly increases for layers below 10 L. We conclude with a theoretical analysis of the possibility of doping monolayer NiGa[Formula: see text]S[Formula: see text] by proximity to a metal.
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