Selenium metabolism and selenoproteins function in brain and encephalopathy

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Neuroscience
• Human Health

Background:

• Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element crucial for human health.
• Se deficiency can lead to various health disorders.
• The brain prioritizes Se levels and selenoprotein expression, even during deficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review Se metabolism and selenoprotein function in the brain.
• To discuss the role of Se and selenoproteins in modulating brain diseases.
• To outline current perspectives and challenges in Se research for encephalopathy.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of published research on Se metabolism, selenoproteins, and brain diseases.
• Focus on Se transport, selenoprotein biosynthesis, and physiological functions in the brain.
• Analysis of Se and selenoprotein involvement in neurodegenerative diseases.

Main Results:

• Se is metabolized to hydrogen selenide for biosynthesis of selenoproteins, selenonucleic acids, and selenosugars.
• Selenoproteins are the primary functional form of Se in mammals, especially in the brain.
• Dyshomeostasis of Se and selenoproteins are implicated in encephalopathies like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and multiple sclerosis.

Conclusions:

• Se and its derived selenoproteins play a critical role in maintaining brain health.
• Disruptions in Se metabolism and selenoprotein regulation are linked to neurodegeneration.
• Further research is needed to understand Se's full potential in preventing and treating brain diseases.