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Related Experiment Video

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Tools for Surface Treatment of Silicon Planar Intracortical Microelectrodes
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Dynamic changes in the structure and function of brain mural cells around chronically implanted microelectrodes.

Steven M Wellman1, Adam M Forrest1, Madeline M Douglas2

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Biomaterials
|November 15, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Neural electrode implantation causes brain inflammation and pericyte responses, including calcium changes and new blood vessel formation. Intracortical microstimulation can modulate pericyte calcium, offering insights for better neural device biocompatibility.

Keywords:
BiocompatibilityBlood-brain barrierBrain-computer interfacesIntracortical microstimulationNeuromodulationNeurostimulationNeurovascular

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Neural interfaces are crucial for neuroscience research and treating neurological disorders.
  • Intracortical device implantation triggers significant brain tissue inflammation and metabolic demand.
  • Pericytes, key in blood-brain barrier maintenance, are implicated in neurodegeneration and their role post-neural implantation is unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate pericyte behavior and dynamics following microelectrode array implantation in the brain.
  • To characterize the cellular and vascular responses at the electrode-tissue interface.
  • To explore the modulation of pericyte intracellular calcium by intracortical microstimulation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized two-photon microscopy to observe dynamic changes in pericytes over a 4-week implantation period.
  • Monitored pericyte structure, function, and calcium signaling in response to electrode insertion.
  • Assessed the impact of intracortical microstimulation on pericyte calcium levels.

Main Results:

  • Observed transient increases in pericyte intracellular calcium and capillary constriction upon electrode insertion.
  • Documented influx and proliferation of pericytes, contributing to new blood vessel formation.
  • Identified reactive immune cells encapsulating the microelectrode array and demonstrated amplitude- and frequency-dependent modulation of pericyte calcium by microstimulation.

Conclusions:

  • Neural electrode implantation induces complex pericyte and immune cell responses at the interface.
  • Pericyte calcium dynamics are sensitive to microstimulation, suggesting potential for therapeutic modulation.
  • Findings provide novel insights into electrode-tissue interactions, guiding the development of more biocompatible neural technologies.