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The Spectrum of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome
1Division of Hospital and Critical Care Neurology, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Neurologic Clinics
|November 15, 2024
Summary
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) presents with seizures and neurological deficits due to brain edema. Most cases resolve fully, but severe forms can be fatal, requiring intensive care.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Radiology
- Critical Care Medicine
Background:
- Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a neurological condition characterized by acute symptoms.
- PRES involves vasogenic brain edema, leading to seizures, encephalopathy, headaches, visual disturbances, and focal deficits.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize the clinical presentation, radiographic findings, and prognosis of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome.
- To highlight the spectrum of PRES, from reversible cases to severe, potentially fatal forms.
Main Methods:
- Review of clinical and radiographic features of PRES.
- Analysis of patient outcomes, including reversibility and potential sequelae.
Main Results:
- Most PRES cases show reversible clinical and radiographic findings with a good prognosis.
- A minority of patients experience residual deficits, particularly with intracranial hemorrhage or stroke.
- Severe 'malignant PRES' occurs in some patients, necessitating intensive care and aggressive interventions.
Conclusions:
- PRES is typically a reversible condition with favorable outcomes.
- Prompt recognition and management are crucial, especially for severe or malignant presentations of PRES.
- Understanding the spectrum of PRES is vital for appropriate patient care and predicting prognosis.
