Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

758
The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
758
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

460
An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
460
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

671
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
671
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

752
The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
752
Affinity and Avidity01:41

Affinity and Avidity

35.8K
Overview
35.8K
Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

31.0K
Overview
31.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Antibiotic pressure does not uncover intra-host heterogeneity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with chronic lung disease.

BMC microbiology·2026
Same author

Evolution of Ivermectin Resistance in the Nematode Model <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>: Critical Influence of Population Size and Altered Emodepside Efficacy.

Evolutionary applications·2026
Same author

Robust antibiotic sensitization of pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa via negative hysteresis in the cell envelope.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Resistance variation and bacterial interactions shape adaptation of a genetically diverse pathogen population to antibiotic therapy.

The ISME journal·2026
Same author

A novel mechanism of unstable heteroresistance via reversible ompP2 mutations in Haemophilus influenzae.

International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases·2025
Same author

Investigating the consequences of the mating system for drug resistance evolution in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>.

Proceedings. Biological sciences·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2025

Rapid In Vivo Assessment of Adjuvant's Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Generation Capabilities for Vaccine Development
09:03

Rapid In Vivo Assessment of Adjuvant's Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Generation Capabilities for Vaccine Development

Published on: June 19, 2018

8.6K

Unanticipated specificity in effector-triggered immunity.

Alejandra Zárate-Potes1, Hinrich Schulenburg2, Katja Dierking1

  • 1Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany.

Trends in Immunology
|November 16, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Effector-triggered immunity (ETI) is more complex than assumed. Recent studies reveal specific ETI responses, challenging the idea of broad reactions to similar pathogen effectors.

More Related Videos

Detection of Polyfunctional T Cells in Children Vaccinated with Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine via the Flow Cytometry Technique
09:37

Detection of Polyfunctional T Cells in Children Vaccinated with Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine via the Flow Cytometry Technique

Published on: September 23, 2022

1.8K
Author Spotlight: Optimized Protocol for Detecting Antigen-Specific T Cells in Mouse Lungs Using Tetramers
09:15

Author Spotlight: Optimized Protocol for Detecting Antigen-Specific T Cells in Mouse Lungs Using Tetramers

Published on: July 19, 2024

889

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 7, 2025

Rapid In Vivo Assessment of Adjuvant's Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Generation Capabilities for Vaccine Development
09:03

Rapid In Vivo Assessment of Adjuvant's Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Generation Capabilities for Vaccine Development

Published on: June 19, 2018

8.6K
Detection of Polyfunctional T Cells in Children Vaccinated with Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine via the Flow Cytometry Technique
09:37

Detection of Polyfunctional T Cells in Children Vaccinated with Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine via the Flow Cytometry Technique

Published on: September 23, 2022

1.8K
Author Spotlight: Optimized Protocol for Detecting Antigen-Specific T Cells in Mouse Lungs Using Tetramers
09:15

Author Spotlight: Optimized Protocol for Detecting Antigen-Specific T Cells in Mouse Lungs Using Tetramers

Published on: July 19, 2024

889

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Effector-triggered immunity (ETI) is a key host defense mechanism against pathogens.
  • ETI responses are generally thought to be conserved against related pathogen effectors.
  • Limited research exists on ETI specificity beyond plant systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the specificity of effector-triggered immunity (ETI).
  • To challenge the assumption of conserved ETI responses towards related pathogen effectors.
  • To explore ETI complexity using novel model systems.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the invertebrate model Caenorhabditis elegans.
  • Employing pore-forming toxins as model effectors.
  • Analyzing host-pathogen interactions at a molecular level.

Main Results:

  • ETI responses exhibit unexpected complexity and specificity.
  • The study identified distinct ETI pathways activated by different effectors.
  • Evidence suggests ETI is not a monolithic response.

Conclusions:

  • ETI is more nuanced and specific than previously understood.
  • Host immune responses can be tailored to individual pathogen effectors.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the full spectrum of ETI specificity across diverse organisms.