Research progress on aero-optical effects of hypersonic optical window with film cooling

In recent years, the demand for optical imaging and detection in hypersonic aircraft has been on the rise. The high-temperature and high-pressure compressed flow field near airborne optoelectronic devices creates significant interference with light transmission, known as hypersonic aero-optical effects. This effect has emerged as a key technological challenge, limiting hypersonic optical imaging and detection capabilities. This article focuses on introducing the thermal effects and optical transmission effects of hypersonic aero-optical effects, as along with corresponding suppression techniques. In addition, this article critically reviews and succinctly summarizes the advancements made in hypersonic aero-optical effects testing technology, while also delineating avenues for future research needs in this field. In conclusion, there is an urgent call for further exploration into the study of aero-optical effects under conditions characterized by high Mach, high enthalpy, and high Reynolds number in the future.