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Pneumothorax-I

Pneumothorax-I

A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-III: Symptoms and Complications.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-III: Symptoms and Complications.

Understanding the variety of primary symptoms and systemic complications that characterize chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is crucial for healthcare professionals.
Symptoms of COPD can be classified as primary or systemic. Primary symptoms relate to reduced airflow, while systemic or extrapulmonary symptoms relate to COPD's broader impact on the body.
Primary Symptoms of COPD:

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2025

A Model of Self-limited Acute Lung Injury by Unilateral Intra-bronchial Acid Instillation

A Model of Self-limited Acute Lung Injury by Unilateral Intra-bronchial Acid Instillation

Published on: August 30, 2019

Tracheobronchial Amyloidosis Causing Left Lung Collapse: A Case Report.

Rayhan Karimi¹, Arun Adlakha², Rob Thomas³

¹Internal Medicine, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Spartanburg, USA.

|November 18, 2024

Summary

Tracheobronchial amyloidosis, a rare lung condition, involves amyloid protein buildup in airways causing breathing issues. Diagnosis is challenging, but treatments like bronchoscopy and systemic therapies can improve patient outcomes.

Keywords:

amyloid mass amyloid plaque amyloidosis bronchoscopy chronic bronchitis congo red stain lung collapse tracheobronchial

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Area of Science:

Pulmonology
Pathology

Background:

Tracheobronchial amyloidosis is a rare disease of amyloid protein deposition in the airways.
It presents with respiratory symptoms mimicking other pulmonary disorders, complicating diagnosis.

Observation:

A case of tracheobronchial amyloidosis in a 61-year-old patient is presented.
Clinical and radiological features often resemble chronic bronchitis.

Findings:

Histological confirmation involves Congo red staining showing apple-green birefringence.
Electron microscopy reveals characteristic non-branching amyloid fibrils.

Implications:

Early diagnosis and management are crucial for improving patient quality of life.
Therapeutic options include bronchoscopic removal of deposits and systemic treatments like chemotherapy or immunotherapy.