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Potential Due to a Magnetized Object01:24

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

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Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...
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In electrostatics, the electric field can be written as the negative gradient of the potential. In magnetostatics, the zero divergence of the magnetic field ensures that the magnetic field can be expressed as the curl of a vector potential. This potential is known as the magnetic vector potential.
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Superconductor

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A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Consider a region consisting of several individual conductors with a definite charge density in the region between these conductors. The second uniqueness theorem states that if the total charge on each conductor and the charge density in the in-between region are known, then the electric field can be uniquely determined.
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Three-dimensional quantum Griffiths singularity in bulk iron-pnictide superconductors.

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Researchers observed the quantum Griffiths singularity (QGS) in unconventional high-temperature superconductors. This finding expands the understanding of QGS in 3D superconducting systems and high-temperature superconductors.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Materials Science

Background:

  • The quantum Griffiths singularity (QGS) is a phenomenon observed during quantum phase transitions (QPT) in systems with quenched disorder.
  • QGS breaks conventional scaling invariance, leading to a divergent dynamic critical exponent.
  • While documented in low-dimensional conventional superconductors and 3D magnetic systems, QGS in 3D superconductors and unconventional high-temperature superconductors (high-Tc SCs) remained unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and characteristics of QGS in unconventional high-Tc SCs.
  • To establish a quantum phase diagram for the superconductor-metal transition (SMT) in these materials.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental observation of QGS in CaFe1-xNixAsF bulk single crystals (quasi-2D and 3D anisotropic).
  • Application of perpendicular and parallel magnetic fields to induce SMT.
  • Characterization of QGS states and their persistence at elevated temperatures.

Main Results:

  • Robust QGS was observed in the SMT of both quasi-2D and 3D anisotropic unconventional high-Tc SCs (CaFe1-xNixAsF, x <5%).
  • QGS states were found to persist up to 5.3 K.
  • A comprehensive quantum phase diagram was established, delineating 3D anisotropic QGS induced by magnetic fields.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides evidence for the universality of QGS in 3D superconducting systems and unconventional high-Tc SCs.
  • The findings significantly expand the range of applicability of the QGS phenomenon.
  • This research opens new avenues for understanding quantum criticality in complex materials.