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IL-18 biology in severe asthma
Sarita Thawanaphong1,2,3, Aswathi Nair1,2, Emily Volfson1,2
1Department of Medicine, McMAster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Frontiers in Medicine
|November 18, 2024
Summary
Interleukin-18 (IL-18) and inflammasomes are key in severe asthma. Targeting these pathways offers a promising new treatment for chronic airway inflammation and related autoimmune responses.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Pulmonology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Chronic inflammatory airway diseases like asthma and COPD involve complex immune responses.
- Interleukin-18 (IL-18) and inflammasomes are increasingly recognized as critical mediators in these conditions.
- Understanding IL-18's role is crucial for developing targeted therapies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the biology of IL-18 and inflammasomes in airway diseases.
- To elucidate the specific involvement of IL-18 in asthma pathophysiology, including severe cases.
- To identify potential therapeutic targets within the IL-18 and inflammasome pathways.
Main Methods:
- Literature review synthesizing current research on IL-18 and inflammasomes.
- Analysis of IL-18's role in T2 and non-T2 inflammation in asthma.
- Exploration of IL-18's contribution to airway hyperresponsiveness and mucus production.
Main Results:
- IL-18 plays a significant role in severe asthma, driving chronic inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness.
- IL-18 interacts with other cytokines, influencing diverse inflammatory pathways.
- Emerging evidence links IL-18 to autoimmune responses in the airways, particularly in patients with infections.
Conclusions:
- IL-18 is a critical factor in severe asthma pathogenesis.
- Targeting IL-18 and inflammasome pathways presents a promising therapeutic strategy for severe asthma.
- Further research into IL-18's autoimmune connections may reveal novel treatment avenues.
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