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Strontium-Substituted Nanohydroxyapatite Containing Biodegradable 3D Printed Composite Scaffolds for Bone

Shazia Shaikh1,2, Shreya Mehrotra1,2, Bas van Bochove3,4

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|November 18, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study developed 3D-printed, patient-specific bone substitutes using strontium-substituted nanohydroxyapatite (SrHA) and poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC). These advanced scaffolds promote significant bone regeneration in large defects.

Keywords:
3D-printingbioactive moleculesbone regenerationdigital light processingpoly(trimethylene carbonate)strontium substituted nanohydroxyapatite

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Orthopedic Engineering

Background:

  • Large bone defects pose significant treatment challenges, often limited by autograft availability.
  • 3D printing offers a promising approach for creating patient-specific synthetic bone substitutes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate novel 3D-printed bone substitutes using photocurable composite resins.
  • To incorporate biodegradable bioactive strontium-substituted nanohydroxyapatite (SrHA) into a poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) matrix.
  • To enhance scaffold functionality with cryogels and bioactive molecules like bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and zoledronic acid (ZA).

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of photocurable PTMC composite resins with SrHA using digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing.
  • Incorporation of cryogels and functionalization with BMP and ZA to enhance surface area and bioactivity.
  • In vitro biocompatibility testing and in vivo evaluation in rat models with tibial and cranial bone defects.

Main Results:

  • 3D-printed scaffolds exhibited porosities (60.1–74.3%) within the range of cancellous bone.
  • Incorporation of SrHA and hydroxyapatite (HA) increased mechanical properties (tensile Young's modulus, compressive moduli) and wettability.
  • SrHA-integrated scaffolds demonstrated favorable physicochemical and biological properties, promoting bone regeneration and defect repair in vivo.

Conclusions:

  • PTMC-SrHA composites are suitable for developing high-surface-area, 3D-printed bone substitutes.
  • Functionalization with osteoactive molecules enhances osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity, leading to improved bone regeneration.
  • These patient-specific synthetic bone substitutes represent a next-generation solution for treating large bone defects.