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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2025

Development of an Audio-based Virtual Gaming Environment to Assist with Navigation Skills in the Blind
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Navigation Training for Persons With Visual Disability Through Multisensory Assistive Technology: Mixed Methods

Fabiana Sofia Ricci1,2, Lorenzo Liguori2,3, Eduardo Palermo3

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York, NY, United States.

JMIR Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies
|November 18, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study developed a virtual reality (VR) environment to test electronic travel aids (ETAs) for visual impairment (VI). Haptic and audio feedback improved navigation, but participants preferred single feedback types over combined ones.

Keywords:
assistive technologyhaptichuman-computer interactionmultisensory feedbackvirtual realityvisual impairment

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Area of Science:

  • Human-Computer Interaction
  • Assistive Technology
  • Virtual Reality

Background:

  • Visual disability presents challenges for mobility in middle-aged and older adults.
  • Conventional mobility aids have limitations, driving interest in electronic travel aids (ETAs).
  • Current ETAs often lack empirical evidence and realistic testing environments, focusing on single-sense augmentation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Establish a novel virtual reality (VR) environment for testing ETAs in complex urban settings for simulated visual impairment (VI).
  • Evaluate the impact of haptic and audio feedback (individually and combined) on navigation performance, movement behavior, and perception.
  • Advance the development of assistive technologies (ATs) for individuals with VI by addressing research gaps.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a VR subway station environment simulating common navigation challenges for individuals with VI.
  • Tested a multisensory, AT-integrated VR platform with 72 healthy participants performing an obstacle avoidance task under simulated VI.
  • Assessed navigation performance using metrics like completion time and trajectory smoothness, with four feedback conditions: haptic, audio, combined, and none.

Main Results:

  • Haptic feedback significantly reduced collisions and head pitch variability.
  • Audio feedback enhanced trajectory smoothness and mitigated increased trajectory length caused by haptic feedback alone.
  • While participants found the VR engaging, a majority preferred single feedback modalities over combined ones.

Conclusions:

  • User-centered design and staged testing in ecologically valid settings are crucial for AT development for VI.
  • The developed multisensory VR system offers a holistic approach to enhance spatial awareness and promote safer mobility.
  • This VR system has potential applications in medical treatment, training, and rehabilitation, aiming to improve independence and quality of life for individuals with VI.