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Updated: Jun 7, 2025

Development of an Audio-based Virtual Gaming Environment to Assist with Navigation Skills in the Blind
Published on: March 27, 2013
Fabiana Sofia Ricci1,2, Lorenzo Liguori2,3, Eduardo Palermo3
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York, NY, United States.
This study developed a virtual reality (VR) environment to test electronic travel aids (ETAs) for visual impairment (VI). Haptic and audio feedback improved navigation, but participants preferred single feedback types over combined ones.
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