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Chromosome changes and benzene exposure. A review.

A Forni

    Reviews on Environmental Health
    |January 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary

    Benzene exposure causes chromosome damage in somatic cells, including lymphocytes and bone marrow. These changes persist long after exposure, highlighting risks for benzene-related diseases.

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    Area of Science:

    • Toxicology
    • Genetics
    • Occupational Health

    Background:

    • Benzene is a known human carcinogen linked to various health issues.
    • Chromosome aberrations in somatic cells are a recognized effect of benzene exposure.
    • Previous studies indicate benzene's impact on both human and animal cells.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the evidence of benzene-induced chromosome aberrations in somatic cells.
    • To discuss the implications of these aberrations for leukemia development.
    • To evaluate the utility of cytogenetic studies for monitoring benzene exposure.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on benzene exposure and cytogenetic analysis.
    • Analysis of chromosome aberrations (numerical and structural) in bone marrow and lymphocytes.
    • Comparison of cytogenetic findings in individuals with varying levels of benzene exposure and related conditions.

    Main Results:

    • Benzene exposure induces chromosome aberrations in lymphocytes and bone marrow cells.
    • Elevated rates of chromosomal aberrations are observed in chronic benzene poisoning, past benzene-related diseases, and even after past exposure without symptoms.
    • These aberrations can persist for years or decades post-exposure.
    • Cytogenetic patterns in benzene-induced leukemias are variable, similar to spontaneous leukemias.

    Conclusions:

    • Cytogenetic studies reveal persistent chromosome damage from benzene exposure.
    • This damage may have implications for the development of benzene-related leukemias.
    • Cytogenetic analysis offers valuable insights but has limitations for biological monitoring of benzene-exposed individuals.

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