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Related Concept Videos

Pulse rhythm01:30

Pulse rhythm

768
Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
Conversely, an irregular pulse pattern is termed dysrhythmia, stemming from disruptions in cardiac...
768
Measurement of Blood Pressure01:17

Measurement of Blood Pressure

880
Assessing blood pressure is a standard procedure executed in virtually all medical environments. The method utilized today was established over a hundred years ago by an innovative Russian doctor, Dr. Nikolai Korotkoff. The soft ticking noise, known as Korotkoff sounds, heard while taking blood pressure readings results from turbulent blood flow within the vessels. The apparatus required for this procedure includes a sphygmomanometer, a blood pressure cuff attached to a gauge, and a...
880
Assessment of blood pressure in brachial artery(two-step method)01:23

Assessment of blood pressure in brachial artery(two-step method)

656
Measuring blood pressure is a fundamental skill in healthcare that aids in diagnosing and monitoring hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions. An aneroid sphygmomanometer, commonly used in clinical settings, offers a manual and precise method for blood pressure measurement. The technique for using this instrument involves specific steps that must be carefully executed to ensure accuracy. The following detailed description outlines a two-step technique for assessing blood pressure using...
656
Assessment of blood pressure in brachial artery(one-step method)01:15

Assessment of blood pressure in brachial artery(one-step method)

556
This procedural guide systematically measures blood pressure using an oscillometric digital sphygmomanometer, emphasizing accuracy, patient safety, and comfort.
Prepare for the Procedure:
556
Equipments Used To Measure Blood Pressure01:30

Equipments Used To Measure Blood Pressure

835
Direct Method
This invasive approach involves cannulating a peripheral artery. During each cardiac contraction, pressure generates mechanical motion within the catheter, transmitted through rigid, fluid-filled tubing to a transducer. This transducer converts mechanical motion into electrical signals displayed as waveforms on a monitor. An automatic flushing system prevents blood backflow. Due to the potential risk of unexpected arterial blood loss, this method is primarily used in intensive...
835
Pulse Oximetry01:24

Pulse Oximetry

311
Pulse oximetry, or SpO2, is a non-invasive method for continuously monitoring arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2). This procedure involves attaching a probe or sensor to the patient's fingertip, forehead, earlobe, or nose bridge. The sensor works by detecting changes in oxygen saturation levels through light signals generated by the oximeter and reflected by the pulsing blood under the probe.
Purpose
Average SpO2 values are greater than 95%. If the readings fall below 90%, it indicates that...
311

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 7, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing the Study of Brain-Heart Interplay with a Comprehensive EEGLAB Plugin for Multimodal Signal Analysis
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A Novel Chest-Based PPG Measurement System.

Qiuyang Lin1, Haocun Wang2, Dwaipayan Biswas1

  • 1imec 3001 Heverlee Belgium.

IEEE Journal of Translational Engineering in Health and Medicine
|November 19, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new high dynamic range (DR) integrated circuit (IC) system enables accurate chest photoplethysmogram (PPG) monitoring for vital signs. This wearable technology achieves high heart rate accuracy and can monitor respiration and blood oxygen levels.

Keywords:
Chest photoplethysmogram (PPG)blood oxygen level (SpO₂)dynamic range (DR)electrocardiogram (ECG)respiration

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Wearable Technology
  • Integrated Circuit Design

Background:

  • Miniaturization of integrated circuits (ICs) enables advanced body-worn sensors for long-term health monitoring.
  • Wearable electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoplethysmogram (PPG) devices have improved patient quality of life.
  • Chest-based PPG offers potential for multi-vital sign extraction but requires ultra-high dynamic range (DR) ICs to overcome signal noise.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a dedicated high DR IC system for wearable chest PPG applications.
  • To validate the system's performance using a comprehensive on-body measurement protocol.
  • To demonstrate the system's capability in extracting multiple vital signs accurately.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a small form factor, high DR IC system integrated on a 20 cm2 PCB board for chest PPG.
  • Conducted on-body chest PPG measurements in a workspace environment with 6 adult participants.
  • Validated system accuracy by comparing chest PPG data against a standard ECG patch for heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) monitoring.

Main Results:

  • Achieved > 99.53% HR accuracy with an average absolute deviation (AD) of 0.41 beats per minute compared to ECG.
  • Demonstrated > 98.6% HR matching and < 12.8 ms AD in SDNN for HRV monitoring against conventional PPG devices.
  • Successfully derived respiration rate and blood oxygen level (SpO2), outperforming reference modalities.

Conclusions:

  • The developed high DR chest PPG system provides accurate and reliable vital sign monitoring.
  • This technology advances wearable health monitoring, enabling new applications like chest patches for chronic disease management.
  • The system's ability to extract multiple vital signs signifies a leap in wearable sensor capabilities.