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Inclusive Public Toilets: A Universal Design Enquiry for Indian Context.

Divyang Purkayastha1, Gaurav Raheja2

  • 1Department of Design, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Roorkee, India.

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Public toilets require inclusive universal design, especially in India. This study reveals the need to contextualize design principles for diverse user needs and socio-cultural factors in public toilet accessibility.

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Area of Science:

  • Urban Planning
  • Social Sciences
  • Design Studies

Background:

  • Public toilets are essential infrastructure, yet accessibility and inclusion remain significant challenges.
  • India's diverse population presents unique socio-cultural barriers to effective public toilet use.
  • Existing universal design principles may not adequately address the contextual needs of public toilets.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate inclusion and universal design in Indian public toilets.
  • To understand the socio-cultural dimensions influencing public toilet experiences.
  • To explore the contextual translation of universal design principles.

Main Methods:

  • A three-part methodology combining literature review, case study reflections, and ethnographic field research.
  • Thematic mapping and qualitative assessment of gathered data against universal design principles.
  • Analysis focused on human needs, behavior, physical aspects, planning, and service considerations.

Main Results:

  • Universal design principles require contextualization for public toilets in India.
  • Inclusion in public toilets is a multi-dimensional issue spanning user needs, behavior, and physical/service aspects.
  • A tension exists between standardization and contextual customization in public toilet design.

Conclusions:

  • Contextual adaptation of universal design is crucial for inclusive public toilets in India.
  • Further research is needed to evolve design directions for accessibility and inclusion.
  • The study highlights a need for a nuanced approach to universal design in diverse cultural contexts.