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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
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Olfactory outcomes in skull base surgery.

Sanjena Venkatesh1, Jennifer E Douglas2

  • 1Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania.

Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery
|November 19, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Skull base surgery can affect sense of smell, impacting quality of life. Olfactory strip preservation may help maintain function after transnasal skull base surgery, but more research is needed.

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Quality of Life Research

Background:

  • Skull base surgery, particularly transnasal approaches, raises concerns regarding postoperative olfactory function.
  • Olfactory dysfunction is a critical yet often overlooked aspect of patient quality of life after surgery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of evolving skull base surgical techniques on olfactory function.
  • To identify factors influencing olfactory outcomes after transnasal skull base surgery.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review examining studies on skull base surgery and olfactory function.
  • Analysis of findings related to transnasal approaches, pedicled nasoseptal flaps, and olfactory strip preservation.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests transnasal skull base surgery can lead to olfactory dysfunction, though findings are not universal.
  • Pedicled nasoseptal flaps may have short-term negative olfactory impacts.
  • Olfactory strip preservation appears beneficial for maintaining postoperative olfaction; cold knife vs. electrocautery techniques show no clear olfactory advantage.

Conclusions:

  • Inconsistencies in current literature highlight the need for standardized, large-scale comparative studies.
  • Further research is essential to optimize surgical techniques and improve postoperative quality of life by preserving olfactory function.