The Core of Digital Dentistry: Intraoral Scanners

Intraoral scanners (IOSs) have transformed digital dentistry by enabling the capture of detailed intraoral optical impressions, resulting in high-precision virtual models. This article provides an overview of the technological advancements and emerging applications of IOSs in various dental specialties. Recent innovations have improved IOS speed, resolution, and functionality, eliminating the need for scanning powder and allowing for seamless integration with other digital tools. IOSs are widely used in restorative dentistry for computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing of dental restorations, offering accuracy comparable to traditional methods. Additionally, IOSs play critical roles in prosthodontics, orthodontics, and oral and maxillofacial surgery. Automated tooth segmentation and orthodontic landmarking have become more efficient due to advancements in machine learning. However, although IOSs are highly accurate for most dental procedures, they face limitations in edentulous areas and full-arch implant impressions. Efforts to expand their diagnostic capabilities-such as caries detection and the monitoring of soft-tissue levels and tooth wear-are underway, aided by advancements in imaging technologies. As research continues, future developments in IOS technology, including better integration with other digital tools and teledentistry applications, should further enhance its utility in dental care. This article highlights the pivotal role IOSs play in modern dentistry while acknowledging ongoing challenges.