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Defining the Essential Leadership Skills for Surgical Residents Leading Inpatient Teams: A Modified Delphi Study.

Michael A Kochis1, Rebecca B Tang1, Emil R Petrusa1

  • 1Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Surgery, Boston, Massachusetts.

Journal of Surgical Education
|November 19, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study defined essential leadership skills for surgical residents using expert consensus and developed the Inpatient Leadership Assessment Device (I-LEAD) for workplace assessment, improving surgical leadership training.

Keywords:
Delphi processLeadershipSurgical trainingWorkplace-based assessment

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Surgical Training
  • Leadership Development

Background:

  • Leadership is a critical competency for surgical trainees.
  • Current surgical residency programs often lack standardized leadership curricula and assessment tools.
  • Essential leadership skills for surgical residents leading inpatient teams require definition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define the most essential leadership skills for surgical residents leading inpatient teams.
  • To develop a validated instrument for workplace-based assessment of these leadership skills.

Main Methods:

  • A modified Delphi process involving national experts in surgical resident leadership.
  • Literature review to compile an initial list of leadership behaviors.
  • Two rounds of expert voting and consensus building (Content Validity Index >0.75).

Main Results:

  • An initial list of 26 behaviors across 9 domains was refined.
  • The Delphi process resulted in 27 consensus-based leadership behaviors across 8 domains.
  • The Inpatient Leadership Assessment Device (I-LEAD) was developed based on these behaviors.

Conclusions:

  • A consensus among national experts defined key leadership skills for surgical residents.
  • The I-LEAD tool offers a shared mental model and clear objectives for leadership training.
  • This work supports competency-based education and scalable leadership programs for surgical residents.