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Control energy detects discrepancies in good vs. poor readers' structural-functional coupling during a rhyming task.

Chenglin Lou1, Marc F Joanisse2

  • 1Department of Special Education, Peabody College of Education, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Psychology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada; Brain and Mind Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.

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Summary

Network control theory explains reading ability by analyzing brain dynamics and white matter structure in children. This approach reveals how brain network control energy relates to reading demands.

Keywords:
Control energyDTIReadingRhyming taskfMRI

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Neuroimaging reveals brain circuits for reading, but the link between functional dynamics and white matter structure is unclear.
  • Network control theory models brain dynamics as determined by white matter connectome, using control energy to assess cognitive state transitions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To apply network control theory to understand how brain dynamics and white matter structure relate to reading ability and disability in children.
  • To investigate the control energy of reading networks during a rhyming task with varying orthographic and phonological demands.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized neuroimaging (fMRI, white matter structure) in 51 children (ages 8.25-14.6) performing a visual and auditory rhyming task.
  • Computed control energy of the reading network using white matter connectome and fMRI activation data.
  • Analyzed differences in control energy across trial types (word vs. non-word, congruent vs. incongruent) and within specific brain regions (left fusiform, superior temporal gyrus).

Main Results:

  • Higher control energy was observed during non-word trials compared to word trials, and during incongruent trials versus congruent trials.
  • Region of Interest (ROI) analyses revealed modality-specific control energy differences: higher in the left fusiform for visual stimuli and in the superior temporal gyrus for auditory stimuli.
  • Control theory successfully explained variations in cognitive demands for reading.

Conclusions:

  • Network control theory provides a framework for linking brain structure and function to cognitive abilities like reading.
  • This approach offers insights into reading ability and disability by quantifying the control energy required for reading network dynamics.
  • Integrating functional and structural MRI with control theory advances our understanding beyond individual measures alone.