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Solid-State Nanopores for Spatially Resolved Chemical Neuromodulation.

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  • 1Center for Synaptic Neuroscience and Technology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16132 Genova, Italy.

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Summary

This study introduces a novel nanoscale device for precise chemical neurotransmitter delivery, mimicking natural synaptic function for advanced neural prosthetics. The technology shows promise for biomimetic stimulation in brain-computer interfaces.

Keywords:
drug deliveryglutamate stimulationnanoporesneural interfaceneuronal stimulation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomaterials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Current neural prosthetics primarily use electrical stimulation, which does not fully replicate natural synaptic transmission.
  • Existing chemical delivery methods face challenges with cargo retention, spatial resolution, biocompatibility, and material stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel solid-state device for nanoscale, multisite neurotransmitter translocation.
  • To create a biomimetic chemical stimulation approach for neural prosthetics and brain-machine interfaces.

Main Methods:

  • Designed a planar solid-state device featuring a nanopatterned ceramic membrane connected to a neurotransmitter reservoir.
  • Utilized diffusion-mediated delivery for glutamate stimulation of primary neurons.
  • Demonstrated translocation of various molecules via pressure or diffusion through the device's nanopores.

Main Results:

  • Successfully achieved diffusion-mediated glutamate stimulation of primary neurons.
  • Proved the device's versatility in translocating diverse molecules.
  • Validated the system as a viable neuronal stimulation interface in ex vivo mouse and nonhuman primate models.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed device enables precise, nanoscale chemical delivery, mimicking physiological synaptic machinery.
  • This technology offers a promising biomimetic alternative to electrical stimulation for neural prosthetics.
  • The findings pave the way for advanced brain-machine interfaces utilizing chemical stimulation.