Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 7, 2025
10:56
Polysome Fractionation and Analysis of Mammalian Translatomes on a Genome-wide Scale
Published on: May 17, 2014
68.4K
Regulating translation in aging: from global to gene-specific mechanisms
Mathilde Solyga1, Amitabha Majumdar2, Florence Besse3
1Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, Institut de Biologie Valrose, Nice, France.
EMBO Reports
|November 20, 2024
Summary
Aging causes a disconnect between RNA and protein levels, impacting biological functions. Understanding these post-transcriptional changes is key to healthy aging research.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Gerontology
- Genetics
Background:
- Aging involves biological function decline and altered gene expression.
- Studies show a growing uncoupling between RNA and protein levels with age.
- Post-transcriptional regulation is crucial for understanding aging.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review multi-omics data on transcriptome-proteome uncorrelation during aging.
- To describe molecular mechanisms causing reduced protein synthesis with age.
- To highlight gene-specific translational regulation and future research directions.
Main Methods:
- Integrative transcriptome-wide studies.
- Multi-omics analyses in diverse organisms and tissues.
- Review of molecular mechanisms in model organisms.
Main Results:
- Progressive uncorrelation of transcriptomes and proteomes observed in healthy aging.
- Global downregulation of protein synthesis occurs with age.
- Mechanisms of gene-specific translational regulation identified.
Conclusions:
- Post-transcriptional regulation plays a significant role in aging.
- Understanding translational control offers insights into age-related decline.
- Further research is needed to explore buffering functions and disease links.
Related Concept Videos
01:23Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps
872
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
872
02:24Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps
22.5K
Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
22.5K
01:29Translational Regulation
1
Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
1
01:36What is Gene Expression?
8.4K
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
8.4K
01:31Translation
141.5K
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
141.5K
02:22Regulated mRNA Transport
6.2K
In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing...
6.2K