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Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation01:22

Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation

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Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme...
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Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of  ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or  nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
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Overview of Metabolism01:40

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Living cells constantly carry out various chemical reactions which are necessary for their proper functioning. These reactions are interlinked to one another via multiple pathways. The collection of these chemical reactions is known as metabolism.
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Carbon dioxide fixation in prokaryotes enables the assimilation of inorganic carbon into organic molecules, supporting biosynthetic pathways, sustaining ecosystems, and contributing to the global carbon cycle. It also has industrial applications in carbon capture and bioproduct synthesis. Autotrophic organisms rely on this process to utilize CO₂ as a carbon source in diverse environments.The Calvin CycleThe Calvin cycle is the most widespread carbon fixation mechanism, primarily used by...
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Workflow Based on the Combination of Isotopic Tracer Experiments to Investigate Microbial Metabolism of Multiple Nutrient Sources
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Investigating biological nitrogen fixation via single-cell transcriptomics.

Wendell J Pereira1, Daniel Conde2, Noé Perron1

  • 1School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.

Journal of Experimental Botany
|November 20, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Single-cell transcriptomics reveals conserved molecular pathways for engineering nitrogen fixation in crops. This approach identifies new genes and dynamic cellular states for sustainable agriculture.

Keywords:
Lotus japonicusMedicago truncatulaRNA-sequencingnitrogen fixationroot nodule symbiosissingle-cellsoybean

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Agricultural Science

Background:

  • Extensive nitrogen fertilizer use causes environmental damage, necessitating sustainable alternatives.
  • Engineering root nodule symbiosis into non-leguminous crops offers a promising sustainable solution.
  • Single-cell transcriptomics is a powerful tool for dissecting cellular mechanisms of symbiosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review single-cell transcriptomics findings on root nodule symbiosis in key legume species.
  • To highlight how single-cell studies advance understanding of symbiosis development and cellular specialization.
  • To identify novel genes and dynamic cellular processes involved in nitrogen fixation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of single-cell transcriptomic studies in Medicago truncatula, Lotus japonicus, and Glycine max.
  • Analysis of conserved transcriptional programs in infected root cells.
  • Characterization of cell populations in determinate and indeterminate nodules.
  • Application of trajectory inference and RNA velocity analyses.

Main Results:

  • A conserved transcriptional program in root hair and cortical cells suggests a common rhizobial infection pathway.
  • Distinct cell populations are responsible for nitrogen fixation, assimilation, and transport within nodules.
  • Novel genes crucial for root nodule symbiosis have been identified.
  • Cellular lineages and dynamic transcriptional states during symbiosis have been reconstructed.

Conclusions:

  • Single-cell transcriptomics is instrumental in understanding and engineering root nodule symbiosis.
  • This technology facilitates the identification of candidate genes for enhancing nitrogen fixation in crops.
  • Insights gained can accelerate the development of sustainable agricultural practices.