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Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...

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cds46, a highly variable carp edema virus gene.

Laetitia Montacq1, Doriana Flores2, Hélène Giummarra2

  • 1IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31300 Toulouse, France.

The Journal of General Virology
|November 20, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Carp edema virus (CEV) genetic diversity remains unclear. A new genomic region, cds46, was identified, offering insights into CEV evolution and potential for tracking different virus strains.

Keywords:
Poxviridaecarpepidemiologysleepy disease

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Aquatic Animal Health
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Carp edema virus disease (CEVD) causes significant economic losses in carp and koi populations.
  • The genetic diversity and evolution of carp edema virus (CEV), a Poxviridae family member, are poorly understood.
  • Previous studies identified two genogroups (gI and gII) based on the 4a gene fragment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a novel genomic region in CEV for better understanding its genetic diversity and evolution.
  • To explore the potential function and origin of a newly identified open reading frame (ORF), cds46.
  • To assess the utility of this new genomic region for identifying and tracking CEV haplotypes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of recent CEV samples to identify variable genomic regions.
  • Bioinformatic analysis, including ORF prediction and protein structure prediction using AlphaFold.
  • Comparative genomics to analyze variations in the cds46 locus across different CEV genogroups and geographical origins.

Main Results:

  • A new genomic region, encoding the cds46 ORF, was identified with significant variations (substitutions, indels, recombination).
  • AlphaFold analysis suggests the cds46-encoded protein may function as a cellular endonuclease, offering clues to its origin.
  • The cds46 ORF is absent in genogroup I (gI) and some genogroup II (gII) haplotypes; gI haplotypes possess a unique 121 bp insertion.
  • Two distinct allele groups within the cds46 locus were observed, differentiated by substitutions.
  • Mixed CEV haplotypes were detected within fish batches from France, Japan, and Israel.
  • A 2023 sample contained a CEV with a gII-like 4a allele previously identified in France in 2015, indicating persistent spread.

Conclusions:

  • The cds46 locus represents a novel and variable genomic region in CEV, crucial for understanding its evolution.
  • The potential endonuclease function of cds46 provides new avenues for research into CEV biology.
  • The cds46 locus serves as a valuable genetic marker for differentiating and tracking CEV haplotypes globally.