Stent-in-Stent Intervention for Pulmonary Vein in Stent Restenosis: A Long-Term Follow-Up Case Report

Pulmonary vein (PV) restenosis develops with reported incidence rates of up to 50%. Balloon angioplasty seems to be the widely preferred treatment of choice.

A 54-year-old man with long history of atrial fibrillations developed PVS secondary to multiple radiofrequency ablation procedures. The stenosis was treated with a stent. 8.5 years later he presented with an in-stent restenosis that was successfully treated with a stent-in-stent strategy. He has since remained asymptomatic over 3 years of follow-up.

Our case demonstrates stenting as a viable alternative strategy with potentially favorable long-term outcome.