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Related Concept Videos

Microbial Biosensors01:17

Microbial Biosensors

Microbial biosensors are analytical devices that utilize living microbes to detect specific substances through measurable signals. These devices consist of two main components: biosensing organisms and signal-transducing elements. Biosensing organisms, such as Escherichia coli or Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are typically housed in multiwell plates connected to transducers, enabling rapid, real-time detection of target analytes.Signal Generation MechanismWhen a target analyte—such as...

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Surface-modified CMOS biosensors.

Fahimeh Dehghandehnavi1, Md Sakibur Sajal1, Marc Dandin1

  • 1Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Integrated Circuits and Bioengineering Laboratory, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
|November 21, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Emerging biosensors integrate with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) chips for miniaturized, low-cost diagnostics. This technology enables diverse sensing modalities for advanced biological event quantification.

Keywords:
biosensorcomplementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)immobilizationlab-on-a-chip (LOC)post-CMOS processtransduction

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Electrical Engineering

Background:

  • Biosensors convert biological events into quantifiable electronic signals.
  • Increasing use in in vitro diagnostics for small sample volumes.
  • Integration with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) chips offers miniaturization, parallel sensing, and low cost.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore materials and processes for emerging CMOS-enabled biosensors.
  • To discuss electrode fabrication techniques for electrochemical sensing.
  • To review functionalization methods for bioelectronic interfaces.

Main Methods:

  • Exploration of subtractive and additive electrode fabrication processes.
  • Discussion of functionalization techniques for bioelectronic interfaces.
  • Review of transduction modalities provided by CMOS chips.

Main Results:

  • CMOS biosensors enable miniaturization, parallel sensing, and low power consumption.
  • Various electrode fabrication methods are suitable for electrochemical sensing.
  • Diverse modalities like optical, electrochemical, and magnetic sensing are supported.

Conclusions:

  • CMOS technology is crucial for advancing biosensor miniaturization and cost-effectiveness.
  • Functionalization techniques are key to transducing molecular events into electrical signals.
  • Emerging CMOS biosensors offer a versatile platform for various diagnostic applications.