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Updated: Jun 7, 2025

Methods to Classify Cytoplasmic Foci as Mammalian Stress Granules
Published on: May 12, 2017
Modulation of stress granule dynamics by phosphorylation and ubiquitination in plants
Siou-Luan He1, Xiling Wang2, Sung-Il Kim3
1Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Center for Applied Plant Sciences, and Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Abstract:
The Arabidopsis tandem CCCH zinc finger 1 (TZF1) is an RNA-binding protein that plays a pivotal role in plant growth and stress response. In this report, we show that TZF1 contains two intrinsically disordered regions necessary for its localization to stress granules (SGs). TZF1 recruits mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling components and an E3 ubiquitin ligase KEEP-ON-GOING (KEG) to SGs. TZF1 is phosphorylated by MPKs and ubiquitinated by KEG. Using a high throughput Arabidopsis protoplasts transient expression system, mutant studies reveal that the phosphorylation of specific residues plays differential roles in enhancing or reducing TZF1 SG assembly and protein-protein interaction with mitogen-activated kinase kinase 5 in SGs. Ubiquitination appears to play a positive role in TZF1 SG assembly, because mutations cause a reduction of typical SGs, while enhancing the assembly of large SGs encompassing the nucleus. Together, our results demonstrate that plant SG assembly is distinctively regulated by phosphorylation and ubiquitination.
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