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Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2025

$On-Chip Crystallization and Large-Scale Serial Diffraction at Room Temperature$

On-Chip Crystallization and Large-Scale Serial Diffraction at Room Temperature

Published on: March 11, 2022

Protein crystallization and structure determination at room temperature in the CrystalChip.

Petr Pachl^1,2, Léna Coudray^1,3, Romain Vincent¹

¹CNRS, Architecture et Réactivité de l'ARN, UPR 9002, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université de Strasbourg, France.

|November 22, 2024

Summary

This study introduces a microfluidic device for producing uniform protein crystals using counter-diffusion, enabling in situ serial crystallography. This method facilitates efficient protein structure determination at room temperature.

Keywords:

CrystalChip crystallization microcrystals microfluidics serial crystallography

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$Crystallization of Proteins on Chip by Microdialysis for In Situ X-ray Diffraction Studies$

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Last Updated: Jun 6, 2025

$On-Chip Crystallization and Large-Scale Serial Diffraction at Room Temperature$

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Published on: March 11, 2022

Crystallization and Structural Determination of an Enzyme:Substrate Complex by Serial Crystallography in a Versatile Microfluidic Chip

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Published on: March 20, 2021

$Crystallization of Proteins on Chip by Microdialysis for In Situ X-ray Diffraction Studies$

Crystallization of Proteins on Chip by Microdialysis for In Situ X-ray Diffraction Studies

Published on: April 11, 2021

Area of Science:

Structural Biology
Biophysics
Crystallography

Background:

High-quality crystal production is essential for crystallography.
Serial crystallography demands homogeneous crystals for reliable data.
Controlling crystallization conditions is critical for crystal quality.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a microfluidic device for crystal production and serial crystallography.
To enable in situ analysis of crystals within the microfluidic device.
To demonstrate the utility of the method for protein structure determination.

Main Methods:

Implementation of a user-friendly microfluidic device.
Crystal production via the counter-diffusion method within the device.
In situ data collection for serial crystallography at a synchrotron source.

Main Results:

Successful production of homogeneous protein crystals.
Determination of three protein crystal structures using the developed protocol.
Data collected at room temperature, showcasing the method's applicability.

Conclusions:

The microfluidic device simplifies and enhances crystal production for serial crystallography.
The protocol enables efficient in situ structural analysis of proteins.
This approach offers a valuable tool for routine protein structure determination.