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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Metasurface Technology
    • Quantum Information Science

    Background:

    • Gradient metasurfaces are key components for polarized beam splitting (BS) in optics.
    • Their phase gradient property links input and output light paths and polarization.
    • The full potential of multi-beam splitting using this property remains unexplored.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the untapped potential of gradient metasurfaces in multi-beam splitting.
    • To demonstrate a single metasurface acting as sequentially linked beam splitters.
    • To explore the resulting multi-beam interference capabilities.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication and characterization of a gradient metasurface.
    • Experimental demonstration of parallel beam splitting in classical optics.
    • Investigation of parallel beam splitting in quantum interference experiments (Hong-Ou-Mandel).

    Main Results:

    • A single metasurface successfully performed sequential beam splitting, enabling parallel BS processes.
    • Classical BS demonstrated continuous modulation of output light intensity and polarization.
    • Quantum BS introduced novel path-polarization correlations in Hong-Ou-Mandel interference for orthogonal circularly polarized photons.

    Conclusions:

    • The parallel beam splitting principle using metasurfaces offers a versatile micro-scale light manipulation approach.
    • This technique enhances multi-beam interference capabilities.
    • Potential applications include advanced optical computing and on-chip quantum information processing.