Electrical liquid crystal integration with VCSEL arrays for tunable orthogonal polarization laser

Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) arrays that can emit orthogonally polarized light have shown broad application potential and market demand in the fields of optical communication, optical sensors, and biomedicine. Two kinds of polarization-switching VCSEL arrays based on anti-parallel (AP) oriented liquid crystal (LC) external cavities and twisted nematic (TN) oriented LC external cavities are proposed in this paper. The light is independently guided by the LC electrically, achieving uniform lasing of linearly polarized light with mutually orthogonal polarization modes and equal power. The uniformity and polarization tunable ability of the lasing orthogonally polarized light power is guaranteed by the integration of the LC external cavity and the VCSEL array.