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Two-Year Outcomes in Preterm Infants Suffering from Moderate to Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia with or without

Irina Branescu1,2, Dragos Ovidiu Alexandru3, Simona Vladareanu1

  • 1Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Romania.

Current Health Sciences Journal
|November 22, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Pulmonary hypertension in extremely preterm infants with moderate to severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia increases re-admission risk but does not impact neurodevelopment. Other factors like ethnicity and chorioamnionitis are key to neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease in preterm infants.
  • Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a serious complication of moderate to severe BPD (MSBPD).
  • The impact of PH on respiratory and neurodevelopmental outcomes in MSBPD requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effect of PH on short- and long-term respiratory outcomes.
  • To assess the impact of PH on neurodevelopmental outcomes in extremely preterm infants with MSBPD.
  • To identify factors associated with neurodevelopmental outcomes in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of infants born at ≤32 weeks gestation (2010-2020).
  • Analysis of medical records from a single neonatal tertiary center.
  • Primary outcome: hospital re-admissions by 2 years post menstrual age; Secondary outcome: neurodevelopmental assessment using Bayley-III.

Main Results:

  • 201 infants without PH and 23 infants with PH were analyzed.
  • The PH group had a higher risk of respiratory and PICU re-admission (65%; OR: 3.15).
  • PH did not negatively impact neurodevelopmental outcomes (OR: 1.87); however, ethnicity, chorioamnionitis, and PDA treatment were associated with poor outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Infants with MSBPD-PH face increased risks for intensive care and respiratory re-admissions.
  • Neurodevelopmental outcomes are independently associated with ethnicity, chorioamnionitis, and PDA treatment, irrespective of PH status.
  • These findings highlight critical factors beyond PH influencing long-term development in preterm infants with MSBPD.
Abstract

Keywords:
2-years' outcomesExtreme prematuritybronchopulmonary dysplasiapulmonary hypertension

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