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Composition and Function of the Gut Microbiome in Microscopic Colitis.

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    Microscopic colitis (MC) involves gut microbiome and metabolome shifts, with pro-inflammatory microbes and metabolites enriched. This research offers potential for new diagnostic biomarkers and therapies for MC.

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    Area of Science:

    • Gastroenterology and Gut Microbiome Research
    • Metabolomics and Multi-omics Analysis
    • Inflammatory Bowel Disease Pathogenesis

    Background:

    • Microscopic colitis (MC) is a frequent cause of chronic diarrhea, particularly in older individuals.
    • Gut microbiome and metabolome alterations are increasingly implicated in MC development.
    • Previous research was limited by sample size and methodology.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To comprehensively characterize gut microbial and metabolic alterations in microscopic colitis.
    • To investigate the relationship between microbiome and metabolome in MC.
    • To identify potential biomarkers for MC diagnosis and treatment.

    Main Methods:

    • Longitudinal cohort study with MC patients and two control groups.
    • Whole-genome shotgun metagenomic sequencing for microbiome analysis.
    • Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for metabolome profiling.
    • Multi-omics association analyses to link microbial and metabolic data.

    Main Results:

    • Active MC showed lower gut microbial alpha diversity compared to controls and remission phases.
    • Enriched pro-inflammatory species (e.g., Veillonella dispar) and depleted anti-inflammatory species (e.g., Blautia glucerasea) were observed in MC.
    • Pro-inflammatory metabolites (e.g., lactosylceramides, ceramides) were significantly enriched in active MC.
    • Strong associations were found between specific microbes, their pathways, and metabolomic profiles.

    Conclusions:

    • Significant shifts in gut microbial and metabolomic composition characterize microscopic colitis.
    • Findings support the interplay between microbiome and metabolome dysbiosis in MC pathogenesis.
    • This study provides a foundation for developing non-invasive MC biomarkers and novel therapeutics.