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Amino acids and cell regulation.

R P Forster, L Goldstein

    The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine
    |November 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Free amino acids regulate cell volume in little skate tissues. Beta-alanine, taurine, and sarcosine are key osmolytes, with taurine also impacting myocardial contractility.

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    Area of Science:

    • Marine biology
    • Comparative physiology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Free amino acids are crucial for cell volume regulation in fish.
    • Specific tissues like skeletal muscle, RBC, brain, and myocardium in Raja erinacea are important models.
    • Beta-alanine, taurine, and sarcosine are identified as predominant amino acids in these tissues.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of free amino acids in cell volume regulation in the little skate, Raja erinacea.
    • To explore the mechanisms of amino acid uptake and release in different skate tissues.
    • To examine the specific roles of beta-alanine, taurine, and sarcosine, particularly taurine's dual function in the myocardium.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of four tissues (skeletal muscle, RBC, brain, myocardium) from Raja erinacea.

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  • Investigation of Na+-dependent amino acid uptake in brain, heart, and RBC.
  • Observation of amino acid efflux from skate brain under altered osmolality and Na+ conditions.

    • Main Results:

    • Beta-alanine, taurine, and sarcosine are predominant in all four studied tissues.
    • Amino acid uptake in skate brain, heart, and RBC is Na+-dependent.
    • Amino acids rapidly leave skate brain cells with decreased plasma osmolality or extracellular Na+.
    • Taurine exhibits a high concentration in skate myocardium, suggesting a role in contractility.

    Conclusions:

    • Free amino acids, particularly beta-alanine, taurine, and sarcosine, are vital for cell volume regulation in Raja erinacea.
    • Taurine may have a dual role in regulating both cell volume and myocardial contractility.
    • The isolated skate atrium is a suitable model for studying these physiological processes.