HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections in Rhode Island: Trends, Disparities, and Health Equity

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Epidemiology
• Infectious Diseases

Background:

• Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are resurging nationwide, despite available treatments and prevention.
• Rhode Island mirrors this trend, with notable increases in chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis.
• Congenital syphilis cases have also risen concerningly in the state.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and analyze the most recent sexually transmitted infection (STI) trends in Rhode Island for the year 2022.
• To compare 2022 STI data with previous years to identify significant changes in incidence.
• To highlight the rise in congenital syphilis cases and potential contributing factors.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of reported STI cases in Rhode Island for 2022.
• Data sourced from the Rhode Island Department of Health.
• Comparison of 2022 data with historical data, specifically from 2012 and 2009-2020.

Main Results:

• In 2022, 6,883 STIs were reported: 5,199 chlamydia, 1,444 gonorrhea, and 240 infectious syphilis cases.
• Chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis cases increased by 21%, 185%, and 253% respectively compared to 2012.
• Eight congenital syphilis cases were reported since 2020, with none reported between 2009 and 2019.

Conclusions:

• Rhode Island is experiencing a significant increase in chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis infections.
• The rise in STIs, particularly among gay, bisexual, and men who have sex with men (GBMSM), and the increase in congenital syphilis are major public health concerns.
• Shifting social and behavioral trends, especially among younger populations and within interconnected sexual networks, are primary drivers of this resurgence, necessitating enhanced public health interventions.