Using shared-bike orders to investigate the dynamicity of park service radii: Evidence from Shenzhen

This study offers a novel approach for examining the variations of effective park service radius (PSR) in parks with different sizes (small, medium, and large parks) and temporal conditions (weekday morning-noon (M-N), weekday afternoon-evening (A-E), weekend M-N, and weekend A-E). Using Shenzhen as an example and employing shared-bike order data, a detection tool was developed to identify the effective PSRs of 228 sample parks under different spatiotemporal conditions. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to investigate the variations in PSRs in parks of different sizes and periods and multiple linear regression models were built to investigate the influential mechanisms of PSRs for different sized parks. We found that: 1) the differences in the PSRs between medium and large parks were not statistically significant (p < 0.05), proving that the PSR did not increase stably with an increase in park size, and the gaps in PSRs between parks of different sizes were smaller than those of the values predefined in most planning codes; 2) the PSRs of different sized parks in all temporal conditions displayed statistically significant differences while only the PSRs of small parks demonstrated significant differences across different periods; 3) restaurants, water features, and attractions showed significant and positive effects on the PSR while sports fields and parking lots showed significant and negative effects on the PSR, and the influence of these factors differed significantly as park size varied. These findings can inform future decision-making and park planning in Shenzhen and other bike-friendly cities.