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Related Concept Videos

Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure

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Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
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Alterations in Blood Pressure01:30

Alterations in Blood Pressure

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Alterations in blood pressure, such as hypertension (high blood pressure) and hypotension (low blood pressure), significantly affect human health. Understanding these conditions' classifications, causes, and symptoms is essential for effective management and treatment.
Hypertension (High blood pressure)
Hypertension occurs when blood pressure readings consistently exceed the normal range. It is diagnosed when systolic blood pressure (the top number, indicating pressure while the heart...
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Blood Pressure01:30

Blood Pressure

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Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure or force of blood exerted on the artery's walls as it circulates through the body. It is essential for maintaining blood flow throughout the body.
The average BP in an adult is typically around 120/80 mmHg (millimeters of mercury). In this measurement, the numerator (120) indicates the systolic pressure, which is the pressure in the arteries during the contraction of the heart's ventricles as blood is expelled. The denominator (80) represents the...
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Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System01:18

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System

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The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
Raynaud's disease, also known as Raynaud's...
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Special considerations while measuring blood pressure01:28

Special considerations while measuring blood pressure

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When assessing blood pressure (BP), healthcare professionals must consider various factors and potential unexpected outcomes to ensure accurate readings and provide proper patient care. Adhering to these guidelines is essential to achieving the most reliable results.
Monitoring Both Arms:
Monitoring BP in both arms during the initial assessment is advisable, as the systolic value may differ by five to ten mm Hg between arms. For subsequent BP assessments, use the arm with the higher reading.
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Measurement of Blood Pressure01:17

Measurement of Blood Pressure

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Assessing blood pressure is a standard procedure executed in virtually all medical environments. The method utilized today was established over a hundred years ago by an innovative Russian doctor, Dr. Nikolai Korotkoff. The soft ticking noise, known as Korotkoff sounds, heard while taking blood pressure readings results from turbulent blood flow within the vessels. The apparatus required for this procedure includes a sphygmomanometer, a blood pressure cuff attached to a gauge, and a...
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Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Author Spotlight: Exploring Huotan Jiedu Tongluo Decoction as an Antihypertensive Drug
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Hypertension.

Jordana B Cohen1, Debbie L Cohen2

  • 1Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.

Advances in Kidney Disease and Health
|November 22, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Resistant hypertension requires evaluation for secondary causes to optimize treatment and prevent organ damage. This review highlights approaches for managing difficult-to-control hypertension in high-risk patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Resistant and uncontrolled hypertension are frequent challenges in nephrology practice.
  • Secondary hypertension evaluation is crucial for optimizing treatment and mitigating target organ damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present cases of difficult-to-control and secondary hypertension.
  • To identify optimal evaluation and management strategies for these high-risk patients.

Main Methods:

  • Case review of patients with resistant and secondary hypertension.
  • Discussion of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

Main Results:

  • Identification of common causes and diagnostic pitfalls in secondary hypertension.
  • Emphasis on tailored antihypertensive regimens based on etiology.

Conclusions:

  • Systematic evaluation for secondary hypertension is essential in resistant cases.
  • Optimized management reduces cardiovascular and renal risks associated with uncontrolled hypertension.