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Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model
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Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model

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Thyroid Hormone Action by Genomic and Nongenomic Molecular Mechanisms

Ana Aranda1

  • 1Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Sols-Morreale", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. aaranda@iib.uam.es.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|November 23, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Thyroid hormones (T4 and T3) regulate growth, development, and metabolism via nuclear receptors and non-genomic pathways. These mechanisms involve transcription factors, coregulators, and signaling cross-talk, influencing diverse physiological responses.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Physiology

Background:

  • Thyroid hormones (T4 and T3) are essential regulators of metabolism, growth, and development.
  • Their actions are primarily mediated through nuclear thyroid hormone receptors (TRs), which function as ligand-dependent transcription factors.
  • Understanding these pathways is crucial for comprehending numerous physiological processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying thyroid hormone action.
  • To explore both genomic and non-genomic pathways of thyroid hormone signaling.
  • To highlight the complexity of thyroid hormone-mediated gene regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established literature on thyroid hormone receptors and signaling pathways.
  • Analysis of genomic and non-genomic mechanisms of thyroid hormone action.
  • Integration of data on coregulator recruitment and cross-talk with other signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • Thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) regulate gene expression through coregulator recruitment.
  • Thyroid hormones influence gene expression via canonical genomic pathways and non-canonical cross-talk mechanisms.
  • Rapid non-genomic effects are mediated by extranuclear TRs or membrane receptor interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid hormone action is multifaceted, involving both direct genomic regulation and indirect signaling pathways.
  • Non-genomic effects contribute significantly to the diverse physiological roles of thyroid hormones.
  • Further research into these complex interactions will enhance our understanding of endocrine regulation.
Keywords:
Integrin αvβ3 membrane receptorThyroid hormone receptors (TRs)Thyroid hormone response elementsThyroid hormones (THs)

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