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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

772
Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
772

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Establishing a Mouse Model of a Pure Small Fiber Neuropathy with the Ultrapotent Agonist of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 1
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Small fiber neuropathy.

Dennis Kool1, Janneke Gj Hoeijmakers1, Stephen G Waxman2

  • 1Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Neuroscience Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands.

International Review of Neurobiology
|November 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Small fiber neuropathy (SFN) affects small nerve fibers, causing burning pain and autonomic dysfunction. Research is exploring genetic links and improved diagnostic methods for this complex condition.

Keywords:
ACTTION criteriaAutonomic dysfunctionBesta criteriaChannelopathiesNeuropathic painNociceptionPain managementQuantitative sensory testingSCN genesSkin biopsySmall fiber neuropathy

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pain Medicine
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Small fiber neuropathy (SFN) involves damage to thinly myelinated Aδ and unmyelinated C fibers.
  • It is increasingly recognized as a cause of neuropathic pain, often presenting as burning sensations in extremities.
  • SFN can also manifest as autonomic dysfunction due to the involvement of small nerve fibers in the autonomic nervous system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an in-depth overview of small fiber neuropathy.
  • To discuss current diagnostic criteria and the need for more accessible methods.
  • To explore the underlying pathophysiology, associated conditions, and therapeutic strategies for SFN.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical features and diagnostic approaches for SFN.
  • Examination of the pathophysiology, including genetic insights like sodium channelopathies.
  • Discussion of various underlying conditions associated with SFN.

Main Results:

  • SFN diagnosis often relies on Besta Criteria (skin biopsy, quantitative sensory testing) or ACTTION criteria for trials.
  • Pathophysiology is complex and not fully understood, hindering therapeutic development.
  • Genetic sodium channelopathies are emerging as key insights into SFN mechanisms, revealing overlaps with other channelopathies.

Conclusions:

  • SFN is a complex neuropathic pain disorder with diverse underlying causes.
  • Current diagnostic methods can be challenging, necessitating research into simpler techniques.
  • Understanding genetic factors like sodium channelopathies is crucial for advancing SFN diagnosis and treatment.