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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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This study developed advanced thin-film composite (TFC) membranes using metal-polyphenol networks (MPNs) for efficient separation. The pH-controlled fabrication achieved high selectivity for separating anionic and neutral molecules, demonstrating robust antifouling properties.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Separation Science

Background:

  • Thin-film composite (TFC) membranes are crucial for separation processes.
  • Metal-polyphenol networks (MPNs) offer tunable properties for membrane applications.
  • Controlling membrane characteristics through fabrication parameters is essential for optimizing performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate TFC membranes with MPN selective layers using supramolecular self-assembly.
  • To investigate the effect of pH on membrane characteristics, including porosity, contact angle, and separation performance.
  • To evaluate the separation selectivity and antifouling properties of the developed MPN membranes.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of TFC membranes via layer-by-layer deposition of tannic acid (TA) and ferric ion (Fe3+).
  • Tuning membrane properties by adjusting the pH of the TA casting solution (pH 3 to 8.5).
  • Characterization of membrane surface properties (porosity, contact angle) and evaluation of separation performance (water permeance, dye retention) and antifouling behavior.

Main Results:

  • Increasing pH from 3 to 8.5 decreased surface porosity and water contact angle, tuning water permeance.
  • High retention of anionic dyes (naphthol green B, orange II) and low retention of neutral dyes (riboflavin) were achieved.
  • Demonstrated a 30.8-fold higher permeation of neutral dye over anionic dye, indicating significant selectivity.
  • MPN layers exhibited robust stability and an 82% flux recovery ratio in fouling tests.

Conclusions:

  • pH-controlled supramolecular self-assembly is an effective strategy for fabricating high-performance TFC membranes.
  • The developed MPN membranes show excellent selectivity for separating anionic from neutral molecules.
  • These membranes possess robust antifouling properties, making them promising for advanced separation applications.