Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Relative Risk01:12

Relative Risk

117
Relative risk (RR) is a statistical measure commonly used in epidemiology to compare the likelihood of a particular event occurring between two groups. This metric is important for evaluating the relationship between exposure to a specific risk factor and the probability of a particular outcome. It plays a crucial role in medical research, public health studies, and risk assessment. Relative risk quantifies how much more (or less) likely an event is to occur in an exposed group compared to an...
117
Odds Ratio01:09

Odds Ratio

105
The odds ratio (OR) is a statistical measure used extensively in epidemiology and research to quantify the strength of association between exposure and outcome across different groups. Unlike relative risk, which compares the probabilities of an event occurring, the odds ratio compares the odds of an event occurring in the exposed group to the odds of it occurring in the unexposed group. The odds, in this context, are calculated as the probability of the event happening divided by the...
105
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

121
Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
121
Hazard Ratio01:12

Hazard Ratio

91
The hazard ratio (HR) is a widely used measure in clinical trials to compare the risk of events, such as death or disease recurrence, between two groups over time. It reflects the ratio of hazard rates—the instantaneous risk of the event occurring—between a treatment group and a control group. This measure provides valuable insights into the relative effectiveness of a treatment by assessing how the risk of an event differs between the two groups.
For example, in a clinical trial...
91
Behavior Modification01:21

Behavior Modification

125
Behavioral approaches have often been criticized for ignoring mental processes and focusing solely on observable behavior. However, these approaches provide an optimistic perspective for individuals seeking to change their behaviors. Rather than concentrating on intrinsic personality traits, behavioral approaches suggest that even longstanding habits can be modified by changing the reward contingencies that maintain them.
A real-world application of operant conditioning principles is applied...
125
Regression Toward the Mean01:52

Regression Toward the Mean

6.3K
Regression toward the mean (“RTM”) is a phenomenon in which extremely high or low values—for example, and individual’s blood pressure at a particular moment—appear closer to a group’s average upon remeasuring. Although this statistical peculiarity is the result of random error and chance, it has been problematic across various medical, scientific, financial and psychological applications. In particular, RTM, if not taken into account, can interfere when...
6.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A Preliminary Demonstration of a Dependent Group Contingency in Alternative Education.

Behavior analysis in practice·2026
Same author

Comparing methods of evaluating sensitivity to common establishing operations and bias toward challenging behavior.

Journal of applied behavior analysis·2025
Same author

Testing the evolutionary theory of behavior dynamic's predictions about choice under concurrent random-ratio schedules.

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior·2025
Same author

Consent and Assent Practices in Behavior Analytic Research.

Behavior analysis in practice·2025
Same author

Does increasing absolute conditioned reinforcement rate improve sensitivity to relative conditioned reinforcement rate?

Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior·2025
Same author

Applying Techniques From Precision Medicine to Predict Challenging Behavior and Inform Clinical Resource Allocation.

Behavior modification·2025
Same journal

A Mediational Theory of Verbal Relations.

Perspectives on behavior science·2026
Same journal

It is Time to Retire "Noncontingent Reinforcement".

Perspectives on behavior science·2026
Same journal

Using Wearable Technology to Predict the Occurrence of Severe Behavior Problems among Neurodiverse Individuals: A Systematic Review.

Perspectives on behavior science·2026
Same journal

Toward a Modern View of Pavlovian Conditioning in Applied Behavior Analysis.

Perspectives on behavior science·2026
Same journal

Behavior, Process, and Evolution in the Multiscale Molar Paradigm.

Perspectives on behavior science·2026
Same journal

Citing the Literature.

Perspectives on behavior science·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Modeling Verbal Behavior Deficits with the Stimulus Control Ratio Equation, SCoRE
06:57

Modeling Verbal Behavior Deficits with the Stimulus Control Ratio Equation, SCoRE

Published on: May 14, 2019

10.4K

Pragmatic Application of Risk Ratios in Behavior Analysis.

P Raymond Joslyn1, Samuel L Morris2

  • 1Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV USA.

Perspectives on Behavior Science
|November 25, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study discusses the application of risk ratios for within-subject behavioral data. It responds to critiques of a new method, arguing that alternative risk ratio calculations can be valuable for behavior analysts.

Keywords:
Conditional probabilityQuantitative methodsRelative riskRisk ratioUnconditional probability

More Related Videos

Three Laboratory Procedures for Assessing Different Manifestations of Impulsivity in Rats
09:12

Three Laboratory Procedures for Assessing Different Manifestations of Impulsivity in Rats

Published on: March 17, 2019

9.4K
Implementation of a Real-Time Psychosis Risk Detection and Alerting System Based on Electronic Health Records using CogStack
07:31

Implementation of a Real-Time Psychosis Risk Detection and Alerting System Based on Electronic Health Records using CogStack

Published on: May 15, 2020

7.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Modeling Verbal Behavior Deficits with the Stimulus Control Ratio Equation, SCoRE
06:57

Modeling Verbal Behavior Deficits with the Stimulus Control Ratio Equation, SCoRE

Published on: May 14, 2019

10.4K
Three Laboratory Procedures for Assessing Different Manifestations of Impulsivity in Rats
09:12

Three Laboratory Procedures for Assessing Different Manifestations of Impulsivity in Rats

Published on: March 17, 2019

9.4K
Implementation of a Real-Time Psychosis Risk Detection and Alerting System Based on Electronic Health Records using CogStack
07:31

Implementation of a Real-Time Psychosis Risk Detection and Alerting System Based on Electronic Health Records using CogStack

Published on: May 15, 2020

7.0K

Area of Science:

  • Behavioral science
  • Psychology
  • Research methodology

Background:

  • A recent tutorial proposed adapting risk ratios for within-subject behavioral data.
  • A commentary criticized this approach, advocating for traditional risk ratio calculations used in group comparisons.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To respond to critiques of a novel risk ratio application for within-subject data.
  • To evaluate the utility of different risk ratio calculation methods for behavior analysis.

Main Methods:

  • The study presents a response to a commentary on risk ratio methodology.
  • It involves a critical discussion of traditional versus adapted risk ratio calculations.

Main Results:

  • The authors agree with some points raised in the commentary but disagree that only traditional risk ratios are valid.
  • They argue that adapted risk ratios can also be useful for behavior analysts.

Conclusions:

  • The utility of different risk ratio approaches depends on specific research variables.
  • Behavior analysts should consider multiple methods for evaluating relative risk.