Oral Paraneoplastic Pemphigus: A Scoping Review on Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Histo-Serological Profile

Paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) is a rare autoimmune disorder associated with underlying neoplasms, predominantly Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas, affecting adults aged 45 to 70. This review analyzed 87 articles from MEDLINE/PubMed, Ovid and Scopus focusing on patients with oral manifestations of PNP, emphasizing histological and serological aspects and discussing recent updates on pathogenetic options. Key findings revealed that PNP is often diagnosed before the neoplasm, with Follicular variant Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma and Castleman Disease being the most common associations. Histopathological analysis showed suprabasal acantholysis and inflammation, and serological tests identify a comprehensive autoantibody panel, underscoring the need for standardized diagnostic criteria and improved serological testing.