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Risk of Stroke or Heart Attack in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Subjective Cognitive Impairment
Michele Lauriola1, Luigi Esposito1, Grazia D'Onofrio2
1Complex Unit of Geriatrics, Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, 71013 Foggia, Italy.
Background:
The study aimed to identify Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) as an alert clinical manifestation of increased probability of major acute vascular events (MVEs), such as Ischemic Stroke and heart attack.
Methods:
In a longitudinal study, 181 (M = 81, F = 100; mean age of 75.8 ± 8.69 years) patients were enrolled and divided into three groups based on diagnosis: Subjective Cognitive Impairment (SCI), amnestic MCI Single Domain (aMCI-SD), and amnestic MCI More Domain (aMCI-MD). Clinical assessment and the presence of vascular risk factors were collected.
Results:
The distribution of MVEs showed a higher incidence in the first two years of follow-up of 7.4% in SCI, 12.17% in aMCI-SD, and 8.57% in aMCI-MD. Acute Myocardial Infarction showed a major incidence in one year of follow-up (41%) and in two years of follow-up (29%). Also, Ischemic Stroke showed a major incidence in one year of follow-up (30%) and in two years of follow-up (40%). A statistically significant difference in the progression to dementia was shown (SCI 3.75%; aMCI-SD 10.43%; aMCI-MD 37%; p-value < 0.001).
Conclusions:
MCI is considered an expression of the systemic activation of mechanisms of endothelial damage, representing a diagnosis predictive of increased risk of MVEs.
Insights
Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) signals a higher risk of major acute vascular events (MVEs) like stroke and heart attack. Early identification of MCI can help predict and potentially prevent these serious cardiovascular events.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Cardiology
- Geriatrics
Background:
- Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) may serve as an early indicator for significant acute vascular events (MVEs).
- MVEs include conditions such as Ischemic Stroke and myocardial infarction (heart attack).
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) as a predictive marker for major acute vascular events (MVEs).
- To assess the relationship between different cognitive impairment classifications and the incidence of MVEs.
Main Methods:
- A longitudinal study enrolled 181 patients (mean age 75.8 years), categorized into Subjective Cognitive Impairment (SCI), amnestic MCI Single Domain (aMCI-SD), and amnestic MCI More Domain (aMCI-MD).
- Data collected included clinical assessments, vascular risk factors, and follow-up for MVEs and dementia progression.
Main Results:
- Over two years, MVE incidence was 7.4% in SCI, 12.17% in aMCI-SD, and 8.57% in aMCI-MD.
- Acute Myocardial Infarction incidence was 41% (1 year) and 29% (2 years); Ischemic Stroke incidence was 30% (1 year) and 40% (2 years).
- Progression to dementia significantly differed across groups (p < 0.001), with 37% in aMCI-MD.
Conclusions:
- Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) reflects systemic endothelial damage mechanisms.
- MCI diagnosis is predictive of an elevated risk for major acute vascular events (MVEs).
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