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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
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Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing01:28

Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing

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Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
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Updated: Jun 6, 2025

A Method to Define the Effects of Environmental Enrichment on Colon Microbiome Biodiversity in a Mouse Colon Tumor Model
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Epigenetic Modulations by Microbiome in Breast Cancer.

Yuanji Zhao1, Sanchita Bhatnagar2

  • 1Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|November 25, 2024
PubMed
Summary

The microbiome influences breast cancer by altering epigenetic mechanisms. Understanding this gut-epigenetic crosstalk may reveal new therapeutic strategies for breast cancer patients.

Keywords:
RNA sequencingDietary patternsMetagenomic, metabolomic, lipidomic, and metatranscriptomicMicrobial diversityMicrobiotaNormobiosis

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Genome-Wide Analysis of DNA Methylation in Gastrointestinal Cancer
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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Epigenetics
  • Oncology

Background:

  • The microbiome plays a crucial role in host physiology.
  • Altered microbiome composition is linked to cancer development and progression.
  • Epigenetic dysregulation contributes to breast cancer onset and advancement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review epigenetic mechanisms in mammalian gene expression.
  • To summarize host-associated microbiota and their influence on cancer.
  • To explore the interplay between the microbiome and epigenetics in breast cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of epigenetic mechanisms.
  • Analysis of host-associated microbiota distribution.
  • Synthesis of current research on microbiome-epigenetic interactions in cancer.

Main Results:

  • The microbiome can modulate epigenetic mechanisms globally and at specific genes.
  • Cross-talk between the microbiome and epigenetics impacts breast cancer progression.
  • Epigenetic aberrations in key genes are implicated in breast cancer.

Conclusions:

  • The relationship between epigenetics and the microbiome is complex and influences breast cancer.
  • Further understanding of this interplay is crucial for developing novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Targeting the microbiome-epigenetic axis may offer new avenues for breast cancer treatment.