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Related Concept Videos

Ions as Acids and Bases02:54

Ions as Acids and Bases

23.6K
Salts with Acidic Ions
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:
23.6K
Polyprotic Acids03:38

Polyprotic Acids

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Acids are classified by the number of protons per molecule that they can give up in a reaction. Acids such as HCl, HNO3, and HCN that contain one ionizable hydrogen atom in each molecule are called monoprotic acids. Their reactions with water are:
29.0K
Strong Acid and Base Solutions03:22

Strong Acid and Base Solutions

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A strong acid is a compound that dissociates completely in an aqueous solution and produces a concentration of hydronium ions equal to the initial concentration of acid. For example, 0.20 M hydrobromic acid will dissociate completely in water and produces 0.20 M of hydronium ions and 0.20 M of bromide ions.
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Acids, Bases and Neutralization Reactions03:26

Acids, Bases and Neutralization Reactions

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An acid-base reaction is one in which a hydrogen ion, H+, is transferred from one chemical species to another. Such reactions are of central importance to numerous natural and technological processes, ranging from the chemical transformations within cells or lakes and oceans to the industrial-scale production of fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, and other substances essential to the society.
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Common Ion Effect03:24

Common Ion Effect

41.1K
Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Châtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
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Titration Calculations: Strong Acid - Strong Base02:28

Titration Calculations: Strong Acid - Strong Base

29.1K
Calculating pH for Titration Solutions: Strong Acid/Strong Base
A titration is carried out for 25.00 mL of 0.100 M HCl (strong acid) with 0.100 M of a strong base NaOH. The pH at different volumes of added base solution can be calculated as follows:
(a) Titrant volume = 0 mL. The solution pH is due to the acid ionization of HCl. Because this is a strong acid, the ionization is complete and the hydronium ion molarity is 0.100 M. The pH of the solution is then:
29.1K

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Charge Inversion by Monovalent Hydroxide Ions.

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Hydroxide ions interact with cationic lipids, causing surface charge screening. Unexpected charge inversion in DPTAP lipid monolayers suggests specific interactions with hydroxide ions, unlike DODAB.

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Area of Science:

  • Surface chemistry
  • Physical chemistry
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Cationic lipids are crucial in drug delivery and gene therapy.
  • Understanding their interfacial behavior is key to optimizing these applications.
  • Hydroxide ion interactions can significantly alter surface properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interaction between hydroxide ions and a model cationic lipid (DPTAP).
  • To elucidate the mechanism behind observed surface charge changes.
  • To compare the behavior of DPTAP with a simpler cationic surfactant (DODAB).

Main Methods:

  • Sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy (SFVS) was employed.
  • Langmuir monolayers of DPTAP and DODAB were studied.
  • Varying concentrations of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions were used.

Main Results:

  • The OH signal of interfacial water decreased with increasing NaOH concentration for DPTAP, indicating charge screening.
  • A surprising increase in the OH signal and a sign change were observed above 5 mM NaOH, signifying charge inversion.
  • DODAB monolayers showed a monotonic decrease in the OH signal, lacking charge inversion.

Conclusions:

  • The ester group in DPTAP specifically interacts with hydroxide ions, driving charge inversion.
  • This specific interaction overcomes the electrostatic repulsion between adsorbed ions.
  • The findings highlight the importance of lipid headgroup structure in interfacial ion binding.