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Nitrosation of Enols01:19

Nitrosation of Enols

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The nitrosation reaction is one of the methods of preparing 1,2-diketones. The enol tautomer of the starting ketone reacts with sodium nitrite in hydrochloric acid, generating the 1,2-diketone after hydrolysis.
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Preparation of Amines: Reduction of Oximes and Nitro Compounds01:29

Preparation of Amines: Reduction of Oximes and Nitro Compounds

3.4K
Oximes can be reduced to primary amines using catalytic hydrogenation, hydride reduction, or sodium metal reduction. The reduction of aliphatic and aromatic nitro compounds to primary amines takes place by either catalytic hydrogenation or by using active metals like Fe, Zn, and Sn in the presence of an acid.
Though catalytic hydrogenation can reduce nitrobenzenes, the reduction is nonselective in the presence of other functional groups. For instance, if nitrobenzene contains an aldehyde group,...
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1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism01:37

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism

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Nitrous acid is a relatively weak and unstable acid prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In an acidic solution, the nitrous acid undergoes protonation when it loses water to form a nitrosonium ion—an electrophile. Nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to give diazonium salts. The reaction is called diazotization of primary amines.
3.7K
Electrodeposition01:08

Electrodeposition

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Electrodeposition is a technique used to separate an analyte from interferents by electrochemical processes. Here, the analyte is a metal ion that can be deposited on an electrode immersed in the sample solution. The electrochemical setup consists of an anode and a cathode. When an electric current is applied to the setup, oxidation occurs at the anode. At the cathode, which consists of a large metal surface, metal ions undergo reduction and deposit onto the surface.
Electrodeposition can...
603
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview01:26

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview

3.2K
Nitrous acid and nitric acids are two types of acids containing nitrogen, among which nitrous acid is weaker than nitric acid. Nitrous acid with a pKa value of 3.37 ionizes in water to give a nitrite ion and the hydronium ion.
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by...
3.2K
2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

4.0K
Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
4.0K

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Direct electrochemical N2 oxidation to nitrate on supportive Pt/CeO2.

Ying Zhang1, Yabing Shang1, Ming Cheng1

  • 1Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|November 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary

We developed an efficient platinum on cerium dioxide (Pt/CeO2) catalyst for electrocatalytic nitrogen (N2) oxidation to nitrate. This catalyst enhances N2 adsorption and suppresses competing reactions, leading to improved performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Electrocatalytic nitrogen (N2) oxidation to nitrate is a promising route for sustainable nitrogen fixation.
  • Developing efficient and selective catalysts is crucial for this process.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an efficient platinum on cerium dioxide (Pt/CeO2) catalyst for electrocatalytic N2 oxidation to nitrate.
  • To investigate the role of catalyst structure and composition in enhancing electrocatalytic performance.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of cerium dioxide nanocubes (CeO2 NCs).
  • Deposition of highly dispersed platinum (Pt) nanoparticles onto CeO2 NCs.
  • Electrocatalytic testing for N2 oxidation to nitrate.
  • Characterization using techniques like X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Main Results:

  • The Pt/CeO2 catalyst demonstrated significantly enhanced electrocatalytic N2 oxidation to nitrate performance.
  • Characterization revealed strong interactions between highly dispersed Pt and oxygen vacancies in CeO2 NCs.
  • These interactions promoted N2 adsorption and suppressed competing oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity.

Conclusions:

  • The developed Pt/CeO2 catalyst is highly efficient for electrocatalytic N2 oxidation to nitrate.
  • The synergistic effect between Pt and CeO2 oxygen vacancies is key to the enhanced performance.
  • This work offers a promising strategy for designing advanced catalysts for nitrogen fixation.