Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Home-Based Prescribed Pulmonary Exercise in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Published on: August 24, 2019
Identifying Factors That Might Affect Outcomes of Exercise-Based Therapies in Long-COVID
Anna-Lena Krüger1,2, Björn Haiduk2, Marijke Grau1
1Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany.
Background:
Long-COVID, which might develop after a SARS-CoV-2 infection, is a rather new disease without standardized treatment strategies. A large number of approaches that integrate physical activity have been described in the literature, and this systematic review aims to examine changes in symptom severity, physical fitness, respiratory symptoms and quality of life during training and identify factors that might influence the respective outcomes.
Methods:
A literature search was conducted using the databases Pubmed, PEDro, BioMed Central, EBSCOhost, ProQuest and the ZBSport from 13 February 2024 to 27 February 2024, and 39 studies fulfilled the search criteria.
Results:
The analyzed study designs varied regarding the type of intervention (isolated vs. multidisciplinary), duration and intensity of training sessions and overall length of the program. Individualized holistic concepts of physical activity paralleled by additional approaches demonstrated high effectiveness. However, many of the participants continue to suffer from Long-COVID after the intervention.
Conclusions:
Long-COVID treatment should be individualized, multifactorial and not limited in time and should consider each patient's pre-existing conditions and individual course of the disease to provide the best possible support and care.
More Related Videos
07:26Conducting Maximal and Submaximal Endurance Exercise Testing to Measure Physiological and Biological Responses to Acute Exercise in Humans
Published on: October 17, 2018
07:40Impact of High-intensity Interval Exercise and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise on the Cardiac Troponin T Level at an Early Stage of Training
Published on: October 10, 2019
Related Concept Videos
Exercise and Cardiovascular Response
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
Factors Affecting Illness
For instance, risk factors are connected to illness,...
Elements Crucial for Effective Psychotherapy
The Therapeutic Alliance
The therapeutic alliance refers to the relationship between the therapist and the client. The alliance strengthens when the therapist and the client engage in a nurturing, supportive, trusting, empathetic, and respectful relationship, improving therapeutic outcomes. Therapists must monitor this relationship...
Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation
Alveolar Surface Tension
The alveolar fluid lines the luminal surface of the alveoli and exerts a force called surface tension. This force is caused by the polar water molecules in the liquid being more strongly attracted to each...
COPD: Management Using Bronchodilators and Corticosteroids
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-V: Management
Smoking Cessation