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Wait, Where's the Flynn Effect on the WAIS-5?

Emily L Winter¹, Sierra M Trudel², Alan S Kaufman³

¹School of Health Sciences, Touro University, 3 Times Square, New York, NY 10036, USA.

Journal of Intelligence

|November 26, 2024

Summary

The Flynn effect, a rise in IQ scores, slowed significantly with the WAIS-5, dropping from an expected 3 points to 1.2 points per decade. This challenges current IQ adjustments for intellectual disability diagnoses and legal standards.

Keywords:

Flynn effect IQ tests WAIS-5 WAIS-IV Wechsler scales capital punishment cases cognitive assessment intellectual disabilities intelligence testing

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Area of Science:

Psychometrics
Cognitive Psychology
Developmental Psychology

Background:

The Flynn effect (FE) describes a rise in IQ scores over time.
This effect is incorporated into diagnostic criteria for intellectual disabilities and legal proceedings.
The recent release of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Fifth Edition (WAIS-5) prompts re-evaluation of the FE.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate whether the traditional Flynn effect persists into the 2020s.
To analyze the magnitude of the FE using data from the WAIS-5.
To assess the implications of FE changes for intellectual disability diagnosis and legal standards.

Main Methods:

Two counterbalanced validity studies were conducted using the WAIS-5.
Study 1: 186 adolescents and adults (16-90 years) tested on both WAIS-IV and WAIS-5.
Study 2: 98 16-year-olds tested on WISC-V and WAIS-5.

Main Results:

An unexpected reduction in the Flynn effect was observed.
The FE decreased from an expected 3 IQ points per decade to 1.2 IQ points per decade.
This reduction was noted across the validity studies.

Conclusions:

The traditional Flynn effect appears to have diminished.
The findings question the continued use of a 3-point adjustment for intellectual disability diagnoses.
Reconsideration of federal court guidelines for capital punishment and high-stakes decisions is suggested.