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Related Concept Videos

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
There are three main types of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy  (ICP-AES) instruments: sequential, simultaneous multichannel, and Fourier transform instruments, with the latter being less commonly used....
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UV–Vis Spectrometers01:14

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The absorbance of UV and visible (UV–visible) radiations is measured using a UV–visible spectrophotometer. Deuterium lamps, which emit UV radiation, and tungsten lamps, which produce radiation in the visible region, are used as light sources in UV–visible spectrophotometers. A monochromator or prism is used for diffraction grating, i.e., to split the incoming radiation into different wavelengths. A system of slits is used to focus the desired wavelength on the sample cell.
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

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The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab01:29

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AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...
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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

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An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
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Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

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A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
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A Cylindrical Lens Spectrometer with Parallel Detection for Reflection Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy.

Junhyeok Hwang1, In-Yong Park1,2,3, Takashi Ogawa1,2

  • 1Strategic Technology Research Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea.

Microscopy and Microanalysis : the Official Journal of Microscopy Society of America, Microbeam Analysis Society, Microscopical Society of Canada
|November 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new spectrometer for Reflection Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (REELS), enabling detailed material analysis. The instrument effectively distinguishes between film and bulk samples, even with identical compositions like graphene and graphite.

Keywords:
bulk sample analysiscylindrical lensenergy spectrumreflection electron energy loss spectroscopyscanning electron microscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Surface Science
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Reflection Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (REELS) is crucial for characterizing bulk materials.
  • Existing methods may have limitations in specific low-energy or sample-form analyses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel cylindrical lens spectrometer for low-loss REELS within a low-voltage scanning electron microscope.
  • To demonstrate the spectrometer's capabilities in distinguishing sample forms and measuring material properties.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of a new cylindrical lens spectrometer into a low-voltage scanning electron microscope.
  • Comparison of electron optical simulations with experimental REELS data.
  • Analysis of low-loss REELS spectra from various materials including graphene, graphite, SiO2, and gold.

Main Results:

  • The spectrometer successfully differentiates between film and bulk samples.
  • Distinct plasmon peaks were observed for graphene and graphite, despite identical elemental composition.
  • Accurate bandgap measurement of SiO2 was achieved at 2.5 keV without Cherenkov loss.
  • Multiple plasmon peaks were measured from bulk gold samples.

Conclusions:

  • The developed REELS spectrometer offers a compact and simple setup for analyzing both bulk and film samples under low electron energy conditions.
  • This advancement provides a pioneering approach for energy spectrum measurement with enhanced capabilities.
  • The instrument demonstrates significant advantages for low-energy bandgap measurements and material differentiation.