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Multiplex Detection of Bacteria in Complex Clinical and Environmental Samples using Oligonucleotide-coupled Fluorescent Microspheres

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Chemometrically driven multiplexed metal ion detection using a triple emitting quantum dots-based nanoprobe.

Rafael C Castro¹, Ricardo N M J Páscoa², M Lúcia M F S Saraiva¹

¹LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira nº 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

|November 26, 2024

Summary

A new nanoprobe method enables accurate, simultaneous detection of multiple toxic metal ions in environmental samples. This approach improves monitoring and understanding of complex metal ion pollution for better environmental protection.

Keywords:

Chemometrics Discrimination Metal ions Multi-emitter nanoprobe Quantification Second-order data

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Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Analytical Chemistry
Materials Science

Background:

Metal ion pollution is a global environmental and health concern, with synergistic toxicity.
Simultaneous quantification of multiple metal ions is challenging but crucial for accurate risk assessment.
Existing methods often lack the speed, accuracy, or cost-effectiveness required for widespread monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel, accurate, and rapid method for simultaneous detection of eleven common metal ions.
To utilize a triple-emission nanoprobe for enhanced multiplexed sensing capabilities.
To apply advanced chemometric tools for analyzing photoluminescence data and improving quantification accuracy.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a triple-emission nanoprobe using carbon dots and capped CdTe quantum dots (green-emitting glutathione-QDs and red-emitting 3-mercaptopropionic acid-QDs).
Simultaneous detection of Ag+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Al3+, Pb2+, Fe3+, Fe2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, and Ca2+.
Analysis of first- and second-order photoluminescence (PL) data using partial least squares (PLS) and unfolded partial least squares (U-PLS) chemometric models.

Main Results:

High accuracy (R2P > 0.9) achieved for several metal ions at low concentrations (mmol L-1) using advanced chemometric analysis.
Second-order PL data provided superior results compared to first-order data due to time-dependent metal ion interactions.
First-time observation of the significant impact of metal ion molar ratios on model accuracy.

Conclusions:

The developed nanoprobe and chemometric approach offers a highly accurate and efficient solution for simultaneous multi-metal ion detection.
This method enhances environmental monitoring capabilities and contributes to understanding complex mixed metal ion systems.
The findings pave the way for earlier detection and mitigation of metal ion contamination threats, safeguarding environmental and human health.