The effect of exercise on postural alignment: A systematic review

Exercises are indicated for the prevention and treatment of postural disorders, considering the idea of strengthening the weak and lengthened part of the musculature and stretching the short and strong part. However, it is important to know the type and amount of exercise shown to be effective in the improvement of postural dysfunctions. Thus, the objective of this systematic review is to analyze the effect of postural exercises on postural alignment and describe the type and amount of exercise demonstrated to improve postural deviation. For this, a search for articles published in MEDLINE, Sportdiscus, Scielo Web of Science, Science Direct, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases was conducted with the following keywords: exercise, physical activity, fitness, strength training, physical therapy, rehabilitation, Pilates, postural disorder, musculoskeletal dysfunction, and spinal disorder. Twenty-two studies were included in this review and combined into four categories: forward head and shoulder dysfunction; hyperkyphosis; postural alignment; and scoliosis. Different types of exercises, involving strengthening and stretching the musculature and its antagonist, seem to be effective for improving postural dysfunction. The intensity, volume, and duration of the exercise need to be taken into consideration, as well as the practice of specific exercises for the musculature involved in the postural misalignment.