Behavioral Inhibition and Social Competence Through the Eyes of Parent and Teacher Informants

The centrality of social competence to children's well-being has sparked interest in documenting its correlates and precursors. Behavioral Inhibition (BI) is studied extensively as an early appearing, biologically based, temperamental disposition that places children at increased risk for maladaptive social functioning. Children with BI are characterized by the tendency to react to unfamiliarity or uncertainty with fear and to respond with avoidance or withdrawal, eventuating in missed opportunities to gain social competence (SC). Early interventions that aim to interrupt this negative cycle often rely on parents or teachers to observe BI, but they often disagree in their ratings, raising understudied but basic questions about how to translate the research findings into effective interventions. In this study, parents and teachers rated kindergarteners' (N = 174) disposition toward fear and shyness, underpinnings of BI and SC. As expected, we found modest overlap in the classification of children into relatively High, Average, and Low BI groups based on parent and teacher ratings. Whereas about 40 percent were classified similarly, about 33 percent were discrepant in their classification by more than one category. Yet, the High BI group was at a social disadvantage (lower SC) compared to the Low BI group, even when the comparison groups only included children whose classification was discrepant. In line with the Realistic Accuracy Model of person perception, we describe a context/informant-specific conceptualization of the BI-SC connection with implications for intervention.